MILITARY ASSISTANCE Foreign Military Sales Debt Reform: Contributed to the development of a provision in the FY 1989 Foreign Operations Appropriation Act to permit the commercial refinancing of foreign military sales debts to the U.S. Commercial Leasing of Defense Articles: Contributed to the development of Section 572 of the FY 1988 Foreign Operations Appropriation Act amending Section 23(a) of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) to permit Egypt and Israel to lease defense articles from the U.S., not including Major Defense Equipment (other than helicopters and other types of aircraft having possible civilian application). Excess Property: Co-authored section 589 of P.L. 101-513, The FY 1991 Foreign Operations Appropriation Act, providing that countries which received FMF assistance in FY 1990 and which, as of October 1, 1990, contributed armed forces to deter Iraqi aggression in the Arabian Gulf, are to be considered eligible for excess defense stocks available in the Gulf following the war with Iraq. Defense Drawdown: Co-authored amendment stating that the President may direct the drawdown, for Israel, of defense articles from stocks as well as defense services, military education and training, to an aggregate value of $700 million. Provision intended to provide the President with flexibility in providing defense equipment in order to address the circumstances arising from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Fair Pricing: Contributed to the development of an amendment to the Arms Export Control Act permitting the Secretary of Defense to waive the recoupment of charges from foreign purchases of U.S. defense articles and services. Commercial Sales: Instrumental in developing language in the FY 1994 Foreign Operations Appropriation Act temporarily halting State Department and DoD efforts to eliminate the use of Foreign Military Sales/Foreign Military financing (FMS/FMF) funds to finance direct commercial contracts between foreign governments and U.S. suppliers.